Smrt, I mean SmArt
1. Encoding
Psychologists distinguish between three necessary stages in the learning and memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval (Melton, 1963). Encoding is defined as the initial learning of information; storage refers to maintaining information over time; retrieval is the ability to access information when you need it.
|
2. Memory
Memory is learning that persists over time
Information and/or experiences that are encoded, stored and retrieved. What is the information-processing model of memory? A sequential, multi store model made up of 3 stages; sensory, short-term, and long-term memory Contrast the 3 Stages of memory 1st - sensory is very brief 2nd - short-term holds up to 7 items for less than 30 seconds 3rd - long-term holds information and experiences from 30 seconds to indefinitely How is our memory system structured? Multi store model of memory - information moves through multiple stores Atkinson and Shiffrin’s Information - Processing Model - similar to sequential |
4. Problem-Solving
Thinking and Problem Solving Main Idea: Thinking involves changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new or transformed information, such as creative problem-solving strategies Thinking: Changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information Units of Thought
Problem Solving: Obstacles to problem solving, or types of rigidity:
|
5. Reasoning
Reasoning: can be both functional and flawed at the same time.
|
7. Forgetting
Forgetting: When information that once enthered long-term memory is unable to be retrieved, it is said to be forgotten
|
8. Start Remembering
Decay: fading away of memory over time
Interference: blockage of a memory by previous or subsequent memories or loss of a retrieval cue Improving memory: techniques for improving memory are based on efficient organization of the things you learn and on chunking information into easily handled packages Elaborative Rehearsal: the linking of new information to material that is already known. |
10. Selective vs. Divided Attention
|